AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens. These organisms are known as pioneer species because they are the first species present; pioneer species must be hardy and strong, just like human pioneers.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first organisms appearing in the regions of primary succession are pioneer species (usually lichens or mosses). They are the first species present. They must be strong and hardy. The development of a new community is succession.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lichens, fungi, bacteria, fireweed, grasses, alder, and willow are examples of pioneer species.

Detailed explanation-4: -Common examples of pioneer species include bacteria, lichen, mosses, and fungi.

Detailed explanation-5: -During primary succession on land, fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species. They break down minerals in the rock to form soil, which allow subsequent communities to colonize the area.