AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -During primary succession, the soil must be formed from rock. During secondary succession, the soil is already established. In the earliest stage of succession, what organisms colonized the lava rock?

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession and pioneer species Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession is ecological succession that begins in essentially lifeless areas, such as regions in which there is no soil or where the soil is incapable of sustaining life (because of recent lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier).

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary Succession Over time, lichens convert, or fix, atmospheric nitrogen into useful forms for other organisms, break down rock, and add organic material to form soil. Certain grasses are also pioneer species.