AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Pioneer species pave the way for more complex communities of organisms because the pioneers have altered the physical environment to make it more habitable. This leads to other forms of ecological succession. Once grasses and weeds begin to grow, soil formation is accelerated and more animal species begin to appear.

Detailed explanation-2: -primary succession newly created environment are called pioneer species, and through their interactions they build a simple initial biological community. This community becomes more complex as new species arrive.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time. This can happen, for example, when lava cools and creates new rocks, or when a glacier retreats and exposes rocks without any soil. During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary succession occurs after a volcanic eruption or earthquake; it involves the breakdown of rocks by lichens to create new, nutrient-rich soils. The first species to colonize an area after a major disturbance are called pioneer species; they help to form the new environment.