AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In primary succession, there is no soil and it needs to form. This process takes time, as pioneer species must colonize the area, they must die, and as this happens over and over again, soil forms. Secondary succession happens after some sort of disturbance.

Detailed explanation-2: -Explanation: Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a wildfire. The newly created volcanic island has no previous life, and is made of rock, devoid of soil.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time. This can happen, for example, when lava cools and creates new rocks, or when a glacier retreats and exposes rocks without any soil. During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary succession is the orderly and predictable series of events through which a stable ecosystem forms in a previously uninhabited region. Primary succession occurs in regions characterized by the absence of soil and living organisms.

Detailed explanation-5: -The first organisms to appear in areas of primary succession are often mosses or lichens. These organisms are known as pioneer species because they are the first species present; pioneer species must be hardy and strong, just like human pioneers.