AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The process of primary succession can take hundreds, if not thousands, of years. In contrast, the process of secondary succession can reestablish an ecosystem’s climax communities in as few as 50 years. The ecosystem’s animal populations are also established more quickly during secondary succession.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time. This can happen, for example, when lava cools and creates new rocks, or when a glacier retreats and exposes rocks without any soil. During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession is much slower than secondary succession because it begins where there is no soil. It can take several hundred to several thousand years to produce fertile soil naturally. The first pioneer species to colonize the bare rock will probably be bacteria and lichens, which can live without the soil.

Detailed explanation-4: -Primary succession takes longer durations (nearly 1000 years) than secondary succession. Some examples of the remnants that lead to secondary succession are: Some plants and animals from the previously existing animal-plant community. Soil and humus.