AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -By breaking the chemical bonds in glucose, cells release the stored energy and make the ATP (also known as adenosine triphosphate, an energy-carrying molecule) they need. The process in which glucose is broken down and ATP is made is called cellular respiration.

Detailed explanation-2: -Glucose and other food molecules are broken down by controlled stepwise oxidation to provide chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADH.

Detailed explanation-3: -The process that converts food energy into ATP is cellular respiration. Cellular respiration starts in the mitochondria of cells. It consists of sugar molecules being broken apart and used to produce ATP with oxygen present. Water and carbon dioxide are also products.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbohydrates such as glucose undergo breakdown via glycolysis, fats undergo breakdown via beta-oxidation and proteins can be broken down into the constituent amino acids to be used as fuel; these are glucogenic amino acids and ketone bodies.

Detailed explanation-5: -Role of mitochondria One objective of the degradation of foodstuffs is to convert the energy contained in chemical bonds into the energy-rich compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which captures the chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules and releases it to fuel other cellular processes.