AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Trophic levels can be represented by numbers, starting at level 1 with plants. Further trophic levels are numbered subsequently according to how far the organism is along the food chain. Plants and algae make their own food and are called producers. Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary consumers make up the second trophic level. They are also called herbivores. They eat primary producers-plants or algae-and nothing else.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary Consumer-Animals that consume only plant matter. They are herbivores-eg rabbits, caterpillars, cows, sheep, and deer. Secondary Consumer-Animals that eat primary consumers (herbivores).

Detailed explanation-4: -Sun ⇒ Grass ⇒ Grasshopper ⇒ Shrew ⇒ Owl. Here producer is the grass, which is consumed by the grasshopper, that is, the primary consumer. The grasshopper is further consumed by the shrew, that is, the secondary consumer. Lastly, the shrew is eaten up by the owl, that is, the tertiary consumer.