AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy, and rainfall is scant.

Detailed explanation-2: -Polar regions are some examples of the tundra ecosystem. Arctic and Alpines are two types of tundra ecosystems. Compared to the alpine tundra, the arctic tundra is colder. This type of ecosystem is found at lower altitudes and is characterized by severe cold environmental conditions, which are similar to deserts.

Detailed explanation-3: -Temperatures are frequently extremely cold, but can get warm in the summers. Tundra winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean temperatures below 0°C for six to 10 months of the year. The temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost.

Detailed explanation-4: -The tundra climate region occurs between 60° and 75° of latitude, mostly along the Arctic coast of North America and Eurasia and on the coastal margins of Greenland. It is abbreviated ET in the Köppen-Geiger-Pohl system.

Detailed explanation-5: -Animals found in the tundra include the musk ox, the Arctic hare, the polar bear, the Arctic fox, the caribou, and the snowy owl. Many animals that live in the tundra, like the caribou and the semipalmated plover, migrate to warmer climates during the winter.