AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Decomposers play a critical role in the flow of energy through an ecosystem. They break apart dead organisms into simpler inorganic materials, making nutrients available to primary producers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Correct answer: As decomposers break down the remains of dead organisms and produce waste, nutrients are recycled back into the soil for producers (plants) to absorb through their roots.

Detailed explanation-3: -Decomposers or saprotrophs recycle dead plants and animals into chemical nutrients like carbon and nitrogen that are released back into the soil, air and water.

Detailed explanation-4: -Decomposers are bacteria and fungi which break down dead plant and animal matter. They secrete enzymes on the surface of the dead organisms to break them down and then absorb the digested, smaller food molecules.