AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Density-dependent factors include disease, competition, and predation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Negative density-dependent factors include competition, predation, disease and parasites, and social behaviors. Describe invasive species and their impacts on ecosystems. Define carrying capacity and explain how it relates to density-dependent population growth.

Detailed explanation-3: -Density-dependent regulation can be affected by factors that affect birth and death rates such as competition and predation. Density-independent regulation can be affected by factors that affect birth and death rates such as abiotic factors and environmental factors, i.e. severe weather and conditions such as fire.

Detailed explanation-4: -Density-independent factors often arise from physical and chemical (rather than biological) phenomena. Such factors stemming from weather and climate-as well as flooding, wildfires, landslides, and other disasters-affect a population of living things whether individuals are clustered close together or spaced far apart.

Detailed explanation-5: -Parasites and disease-causing organisms feed at the expense of their hosts, weakening them and often causing disease or death. Parasitism and disease are density-dependent effects, because the denser the host population, the more easily parasites can spread from one host to another.