AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Density-independent factors are those that are not directly related to the population size, but that can still have a significant impact on it. For example, a severe drought might reduce the population size of a region, even if the population was otherwise growing.

Detailed explanation-2: -Density-independent limiting factors affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size and density. Unusual weather such as hurricanes, droughts, or floods, and natural disasters such as wildfires, can act as density-independent limiting factors.

Detailed explanation-3: -Density-dependent regulation can be affected by factors that affect birth and death rates such as competition and predation. Density-independent regulation can be affected by factors that affect birth and death rates such as abiotic factors and environmental factors, i.e. severe weather and conditions such as fire.

Detailed explanation-4: -These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as monsoons. In addition, catastrophic factors can also impact population growth, such as fires and hurricanes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Density-dependent limiting factors tend to be biotic-having to do with living organisms. Competition and predation are two important examples of density-dependent factors.