AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -While the previously mentioned density-dependant factors are often biotic, density-independent factors are often abiotic. These density-independent factors include food or nutrient limitation, pollutants in the environment, and climate extremes, including seasonal cycles such as monsoons.

Detailed explanation-2: -A density-dependent factor is a factor whose effects on the size or growth of a population vary with the population density. Density-dependent factors typically involve biotic factors, such as the availability of food, parasitism, predation, disease, and migration.

Detailed explanation-3: -Competition and predation are two important examples of density-dependent factors.