AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Darwin saw that overproduction and limited resources create a struggle for existence in which some organisms will succeed and most will not. He also recognized that organisms in populations differ from one another in terms of many traits that tend to be passed on from parent to offspring.

Detailed explanation-2: -Darwin coined the term fitness to refer to an organism’s relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. Nature selects the variations that are most useful.

Detailed explanation-3: -Darwin’s theory of evolutionary selection holds that variation within species occurs randomly and that the survival or extinction of each organism is determined by that organism’s ability to adapt to its environment. He set these theories forth in his book The Origin of Species (1859).

Detailed explanation-4: -survival of the fittest, term made famous in the fifth edition (published in 1869) of On the Origin of Species by British naturalist Charles Darwin, which suggested that organisms best adjusted to their environment are the most successful in surviving and reproducing.

Detailed explanation-5: -Species never went extinct; they just kept changing. Darwin said that nature exerted the pressure on a population to change, and then nature selected those with the best traits to survive. He believed that populations of organisms could become extinct if they were not well enough adapted to their environment.