AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -FALSE Homologous structures are structures that are different in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. 6. TRUE Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species.

Detailed explanation-2: -Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. Analogous structures are structures that are similar in unrelated organisms. Comparative embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous structures are those organs whose underlying similarity arises from their being derived from a common ancestral structure. For example, the wing of a bird and the forelimb of a human are homologous. Moreover, their respective parts are homologous (Figure 1.13).

Detailed explanation-4: -Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features). Similarities and differences among biological molecules (e.g., in the DNA sequence of genes) can be used to determine species’ relatedness.

Detailed explanation-5: -Similar anatomy across different species highlights their common origin and can be seen in homologous and vestigial structures. Embryology provides evidence for evolution since the embryonic forms of divergent groups are extremely similar.