AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Biologists use phylogenetic trees, or phylogenies, to visualize genetic relatedness of organisms. Phylogenetic trees can be used at any scales-from determining the population structure of a single species, to displaying all life on planet Earth-under the assumption of a branching tree-like structure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gene Sequencing Scientists can also sequence huge chunks of genetic information, and then compare them to one another. When they do this, they look for strands of DNA–or RNA or proteins–that exhibit homologous sequences, or sequences with similar genes on them.

Detailed explanation-3: -For example, scientists can use DNA sequences to help determine if they have discovered a new species. Scientists can also compare DNA sequences from different organisms and measure the number of changes (mutations) between them to infer if species are closely or distantly related.

Detailed explanation-4: -Similar anatomy found in different species may be homologous (shared due to ancestry) or analogous (shared due to similar selective pressures). Molecular similarities provide evidence for the shared ancestry of life. DNA sequence comparisons can show how different species are related.