AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Analogous organs have different origin and basic structure but perform the same function. Examples: Wings of insects and bats are structurally different but perform the same function of flying. Gills of fishes and lungs of rabbits differ in the basic structure but both play a role in breathing.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lungs are not homologous to gill slits – they do not have anything approaching a common evolutionary history.

Detailed explanation-3: -Lungs of man and gills of prawn demonstrate a similar structure. Hence they are analogous structures.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gills consist of plate-like structures called filaments that are covered by an array of lamellae enclosing a capillary blood network, as shown in Fig. 1 (1, 2). Oxygen-rich water passes through the narrow channels formed by the lamellar layers, where oxygen diffuses into the capillaries.

Detailed explanation-5: -Similarities Between Gills and Lungs They are surrounded by blood vessels. They help to take oxygen from the outside environment while eliminating carbon dioxide to the outside. Both have a respiratory membrane with a large surface area to increase the efficiency of gas exchange.