AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -sexual selection. The founder effect occurs when a small subgroup of a population decides to migrate from one place to another. As a result, there are now changes in their allele frequencies that are different from the original species.

Detailed explanation-2: -The founder effect occurs when allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene flow refers to changes in allele frequency that result from migration of individuals between populations. In the absence of gene flow, populations can become genetically distinct from one another through genetic drift, or due to differing natural selection pressures in the different populations.

Detailed explanation-4: -In humans, founder effects can arise from cultural isolation, and inevitably, endogamy. For example, the Amish populations in the United States exhibit founder effects because they have grown from a very few founders, have not recruited newcomers, and tend to marry within the community.

Detailed explanation-5: -The difference between founder events and population bottlenecks is the type of event that causes them. A founder event occurs when a small group of individuals is separated from the Page 3 rest of the population, whereas a bottleneck effect occurs when most of the population is destroyed.