AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic equilibrium occurs when there is no evolution within the population. At genetic equilibrium, the gene or allele frequencies are stable-they do not change. As mutations and natural selection occur frequently in nature, it is difficult for a population to be at genetic equilibrium in nature.

Detailed explanation-2: -The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are: no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hardy-Weinberg assumptions and evolution In order for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, or a non-evolving state, it must meet five major assumptions: No mutation. No new alleles are generated by mutation, nor are genes duplicated or deleted.

Detailed explanation-4: -Random, spontaneous mutations constantly generate new alleles in a gene pool, destabilizing genetic equilibrium and creating the potential for adaptation to changing environments. In multicellular organisms, only mutations that affect germ cells become part of the gene pool.

Detailed explanation-5: -Genetic equilibrium is a condition where a gene pool is not changing in frequency across generations. This is because the evolutionary forces acting upon the allele are equal. As a result, the population does not evolve even after several generations.