AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The outside chromosomes are identical to the original parental pair. But, the two inside chromosomes often become intertwined, break, and exchange pieces. This exchange of chromosome segments creates new combinations of alleles, or “recombinants.”

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic recombination is a process that occurs during meiosis, which is the type of cell division that produces gametes. During this process, homologous chromosomes pair up and form a unit called a tetrad. The chromosomes can then cross over and exchange genetic material, which results in new combinations of alleles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recombination is a process by which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined to produce new combinations of alleles. This recombination process creates genetic diversity at the level of genes that reflects differences in the DNA sequences of different organisms.

Detailed explanation-4: -Independent assortment produces new combinations of alleles. In meiosis I, crossing over during prophase and independent assortment during anaphase creates sets of chromosomes with new combinations of alleles. Genetic variation is also introduced by random fertilization of the gametes produced by meiosis.

Detailed explanation-5: -Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other.