AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The alleles that are linked together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted together. However, even for these linked genes, Mother Nature has provided us with a way for new combinations to occur. This process is called crossing over, or recombination, of chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic recombination is a process that occurs during meiosis, which is the type of cell division that produces gametes. During this process, homologous chromosomes pair up and form a unit called a tetrad. The chromosomes can then cross over and exchange genetic material, which results in new combinations of alleles.

Detailed explanation-3: -Recombination effectively ‘shuffles’ maternal and paternal DNA, creating new combinations of variants in the daughter germ-cells (Figure 2). Figure 2 Recombination contributes to human genetic variation by shuffling parental DNA and creating new combinations of variants.

Detailed explanation-4: -Meiosis and subsequent joining of haploid gametes generates new genotypes by shuffling linkage groups (chromosomes) and recombination generates new genotypes by shuffling alleles of genes within individual chromosomes.

Detailed explanation-5: -Genetic recombination is a complex process that involves alignment of two homologous DNA strands, precise breakage of each strand, equal exchange of DNA segments between the two strands, and sealing of the resultant recombined DNA molecules through the action of enzymes called ligases.