AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Genetic variations can arise from gene variants (also called mutations) or from a normal process in which genetic material is rearranged as a cell is getting ready to divide (known as genetic recombination). Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function can introduce different traits in an organism.

Detailed explanation-2: -Major causes of variation include mutations, gene flow, and sexual reproduction. DNA mutation causes genetic variation by altering the genes of individuals in a population. Gene flow leads to genetic variation as new individuals with different gene combinations migrate into a population.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic variations are caused by mutation and recombination occurring at the time of meiosis. Chemical or biological mutagens play an important role in inducing mutations. Random mating among organisms also affects genetic variation.