AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -B is the right answer. Gentoo and Emperor penguins employing different mating rituals is an example of behavioral isolation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gentoo penguins are monogamous and have up to three breeding seasons, but generally they find new partners after that. Male gentoos attract females with gifts of stones and also by “trumpeting” skyward. If a female gentoo penguin chooses a male, both sexes point their bills at the nest the female has built.

Detailed explanation-3: -A Pebble Proposal During courtship, a male penguin will find the smoothest pebble to give to a female as a gift. If she likes the offering, she’ll place it in the nest and the two will continue building up their little pebble mound in preparation for the eggs.

Detailed explanation-4: -For speciation to occur, two new populations must be formed from one original population, and they must evolve in such a way that it becomes impossible for individuals from the two new populations to interbreed.

Detailed explanation-5: -Gentoo penguins are opportunistic hunters. Their diet is quite diverse and varies with season and location. They usually eat a mix of crustaceans, small fishes and squid. Predators of gentoo penguins include other birds and sea animals.