AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In order to express Hardy Weinberg principle mathematically, suppose “p” represents the frequency of the dominant allele in gene pool and “q” represents the frequency of recessive allele. p+q=1 since the sum of both frequencies is 100% .

Detailed explanation-2: -The P-value for this test is calculated as the sum of this probability for an observed data set and the probabilities of all other data sets that have the same or smaller probabilities when HWE is true.

Detailed explanation-3: -In the simplest system, with two alleles of the same locus (e.g. A, a), we use the symbol p to represent the frequency of the dominant allele within the population, and q for the frequency of the recessive allele.

Detailed explanation-4: -In this equation, p is the predicted frequency of homozygous dominant (AA) people in a population, 2pq is the predicted frequency of heterozygous (Aa) people, and q is the predicted frequency of homozygous recessive (aa) ones.