AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Disruptive selection occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Disruptive selection acts against individuals of an intermediate type and can create two distinct phenotypes.

Detailed explanation-2: -Explanation: With regard to evolution and natural selection, fitness refers only to the ability of an organism to contribute to the next generation of its species. In other words, if an organism has a large number of viable offspring, its fitness is high, regardless of other factors like strength, size, and longevity.

Detailed explanation-3: -Directional selection: One of the extreme phenotypes has the highest fitness.

Detailed explanation-4: -Disruptive selection occurs when individuals of intermediate phenotype are less fit than those of both higher and lower phenotype, such that extremes are favored. This may occur if there are two diverse food sources or predators with diverse preferences for, say, size of prey.