AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Reproduction is a natural process in all organisms, which as such, does not affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; it would be the genetic recombinations that arise from sexual reproduction, that affect it.

Detailed explanation-2: -Similarly, natural selection and nonrandom mating disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because they result in changes in gene frequencies. This occurs because certain alleles help or harm the reproductive success of the organisms that carry them.

Detailed explanation-3: -While, genetic drift occurs in small size population. Genetic drift is a type of evolution that is not necessarily adaptive. It does not specifically selection for traits that are fit for the environment. Hence, answer is “Genetic drift"

Detailed explanation-4: -The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is influenced by any factor that disturbs the alleles in a population. Mutations, recombinations during sexual reproduction, genetic drift, gene migration or gene flow, and natural selection are the major factors that influence genetic equilibrium and cause variety in the population.