AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -We can calculate the values of p and q, in a representative sample of individuals from a population, by simply counting the alleles and dividing by the total number of alleles examined.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Hardy-Weinberg Equation p = the frequency of the dominant allele in a population. q = the frequency of the recessive allele in a population. 2 p q 2pq 2pq = the frequency of the heterozygous dominant genotype.

Detailed explanation-3: -An allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that particular genetic locus in the population. Allele frequencies can be represented as a decimal, a percentage, or a fraction.

Detailed explanation-4: -Hardy-Weinberg Equations The variable ‘p2’ denotes the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), ‘2pq’ denotes the heterozygous genotype (Aa), and ‘q2’ denotes the homozygous recessive genotype (aa). The following conclusions can be inferred through this law: Only sexual reproduction is possible. Mating is a random process.