AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -An allele frequency is calculated by dividing the number of times the allele of interest is observed in a population by the total number of copies of all the alleles at that particular genetic locus in the population. Allele frequencies can be represented as a decimal, a percentage, or a fraction.

Detailed explanation-2: -What is the frequency of Bb individuals in this population? PBb = 350 / (50+350+100) = 350 / 500 = 70%.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gene frequency is the occurrence of particular genes within a gene pool. The Hardy-Weinberg equation represents allele frequency and how these alleles are categorized into genotypes within a population, p² + 2pq + q² = 1.

Detailed explanation-4: -The carrier frequency can then be calculated as 2X99/100x1/100 which approximates to 1 in 50. Thus a rough approximation of the carrier frequency can be obtained by doubling the square root of the disease incidence. For an X-linked disorder the frequency of affected males equals the frequency of the mutant allele, q.