AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -By choosing certain males, their offspring will likely inherit genes that tend to increase their fitness. Males often evolve traits and displays that advertise their ability to provide direct and indirect benefits, and females evolve preferences for these traits.

Detailed explanation-2: -sexual selection, theory in postulating that the evolution of certain conspicuous physical traits-such as pronounced coloration, increased size, or striking adornments-in animals may grant the possessors of these traits greater success in obtaining mates.

Detailed explanation-3: -Sexual selection leads to a decrease in the effective population size (Ne) because non-attractive individuals are less likely to reproduce (Kokko & Brooks 2003). A reduced Ne would facilitate inbreeding and genetic drift, leading to the fixation of maladaptive alleles (Keller & Waller 2002).

Detailed explanation-4: -Sexual selection is the cause of extravagant traits that confer no advantage in the struggle for survival, but improve mating and fertilization success. These traits are often highly exaggerated such as conspicuous ornaments and elaborate courtship displays.