AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The bottleneck effect is an extreme example of genetic drift that happens when the size of a population is severely reduced. Events like natural disasters (earthquakes, floods, fires) can decimate a population, killing most individuals and leaving behind a small, random assortment of survivors.

Detailed explanation-2: -An example of genetic drift in which a small group of individuals establishes a larger population is called the founder effect. A population exhibiting this effect is normally isolated from a general population. In the founding individuals of the population, rare alleles can be present.

Detailed explanation-3: -There are two main types of genetic drift: population bottlenecks and the founder effect. They differ by the mechanisms and events that cause them to occur.

Detailed explanation-4: -Types of genetic drift. The two main types of genetic drift are “bottleneck events” and “founder effects, ” each referring to a different mechanism by which a small population becomes reproductively isolated.