AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Thus the forelimbs of such widely differing mammals as humans, bats, and deer are homologous; the form of construction and the number of bones in these varying limbs are practically identical, and represent adaptive modifications of the forelimb structure of their common early mammalian ancestors.

Detailed explanation-2: -This is divergent evolution and these structures are homologous organs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Humans have several vestigial structures, including a tailbone. The tailbone is all that’s left of a human ancestor species’ tail. Another vestigial structure is the appendix. Some scientists believe that it no longer serves any purpose in humans.

Detailed explanation-4: -Anatomical similarities and differences between various organisms living today and between them and organisms in the fossil record, enable the reconstruction of evolutionary history and the inference of lines of evolutionary descent.

Detailed explanation-5: -The anatomical structures and physiological functions of different species provide evidence of evolution. Scientists compare and contrast types of anatomical features, known as homologous structures, vestigial structures, and analogous structures, to figure out how closely related different organisms are.