AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Detailed explanation-2: -Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is used to estimate the number of homozygous and heterozygous variant carriers based on its allele frequency in populations that are not evolving.

Detailed explanation-3: -When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele frequencies will stay the same across generations. There are five basic Hardy-Weinberg assumptions: no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Detailed explanation-4: -According to the Hardy–Weinberg principle (random pairing of alleles), alleles that are rare in a population (low starting frequency) are most often paired with alleles of another type, resulting in a heterozygous genotype.

Detailed explanation-5: -But in most cases, we measure evolution by looking at changes in allele and genotype frequencies in populations over time. To measure allele frequencies in a population precisely, we would need to count every allele at every locus in every individual in the population.