AP BIOLOGY

EVOLUTION

HISTORICAL CONTEXT FOR EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

Question [CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
Which of the following is the best example of natural selection as a mechanism for change in a population? (4.5)
A
A striped bass lays hundreds of eggs. When the offspring hatch from the eggs, they are all immediately eaten by predators
B
Most lobsters are a dark greenish brown, but some are born with different colors. On rare occasions, lobsters are born blue, yellow, or albino
C
A single rabbit is born with longer than usual legs and is able to run faster than all others
D
During an unusually cold winter, many arctic foxes die, but the foxes with the thickest fur survive and reproduce
Explanation: 

Detailed explanation-1: -Their round, compact bodies minimize surface area that is exposed to the cold air. Their muzzle, ears, and legs are short, which also conserves heat. Of course, the defining feature of the Arctic fox is their deep, thick fur which allows them to maintain a consistent body temperature.

Detailed explanation-2: -During winter months, Arctic foxes do not hibernate. They exhibit a combination of nomadic and communal behavior, typically establishing small groups to search for food. These foxes usually construct dens in a rock mound at a cliff base or in stumpy knolls, 3 to 13 feet high, on the tundra.

Detailed explanation-3: -It has furry soles, short ears, and a short muzzle-all-important adaptations to the chilly clime. Arctic foxes live in burrows, and in a blizzard they may tunnel into the snow to create shelter.

Detailed explanation-4: -Some morphological adaptations of the arctic fox are its small ears, short muzzle, short legs, and small rounded body (Prestrud 1989). Fat is another great way to stay insulated in the cold, as exemplified by animals such as whales and dolphins.

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