AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Emperor penguins form large huddles. Huddles allow them to share body warmth, and shelters many of the penguins from the wind. The huddle constantly moves so that all the penguins have a turn in the middle. Huddling can reduce heat loss by up to 50%.

Detailed explanation-2: -Huddling is a behavioural adaptation that allows emperor penguins to save energy and maintain their long breeding fast (four months) through the Antarctic winter.

Detailed explanation-3: -The center of a penguin huddle, a form of social thermoregulation, can reach temperatures of up to 37° Celsius (98.6° Fahrenheit). It’s so warm that the center penguins keep moving through the huddle so that they don’t overheat, while penguins on the outside move inward to get warm.

Detailed explanation-4: -On the frozen landscape of Antarctica, emperor penguins huddle together to shield against cold, windy, and harsh conditions. This lets the penguins share warmth and conserve energy during extended times between forages and during breeding.

Detailed explanation-5: -Adult male penguins huddle together during winter. This helps them to avoid heat loss and survive until spring. They breed during the winter so that their offspring reach independence in summer when more food is available.