AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Of which pattern of macro-evolution is this an example? Ostriches and giraffes are both native to the savannahs of Africa. They share the same characteristic of a very long neck. Also called adaptive radiation.

Detailed explanation-2: -Birds and bats have homologous limbs because they are both ultimately derived from terrestrial tetrapods, but their flight mechanisms are only analogous, so their wings are examples of functional convergence. The two groups have independently evolved their own means of powered flight.

Detailed explanation-3: -New species form by speciation, in which an ancestral population splits into two or more genetically distinct descendant populations. Speciation involves reproductive isolation of groups within the original population and accumulation of genetic differences between the two groups.

Detailed explanation-4: -Horse evolution shows long stable periods of little evolution interrupted by brief periods of rapid change. A kit fox that lives in the desert and has large ears with greater service area that keep the fox from getting overheated.

Detailed explanation-5: -Punctuated equilibrium is a pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.