AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be homologous. To give one classic example, the forelimbs of whales, humans, and birds look quite different on the outside. That’s because they’re adapted to function in different environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -Homologous structures are similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor, but the features serve completely different functions. An example of homologous structures are the limbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats.

Detailed explanation-3: -Another good example of divergent evolution is the origin of the domestic dog and the modern wolf. Dogs and wolves both diverged from a common ancestor.

Detailed explanation-4: -Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species. Divergent evolution may occur as a response to changes in abiotic factors, such as a change in environmental conditions, or when a new niche becomes available.

Detailed explanation-5: -All animals (including humans), plants and other organisms such as fungi and algae are Eukaryotes and share a common ancestor.