AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The beaver in North America and the capybara in South America share a common ancestor, but have evolved over time to look different. Ostriches are native to the savannahs of Africa, while penguins live in the polar regions. Although ostriches and penguins are closely-related, they look very different.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Galapagos tortoises share a common ancestor but have necks of different lengths to best reach food they need in their environment. Ostriches and giraffes are both native to savannas of Africa. They share the same characteristic of a very long neck.

Detailed explanation-3: -Homologous features If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or a body plan, they may all have inherited this feature from a common ancestor. Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be homologous.

Detailed explanation-4: -Dolphins, penguins, and sharks are distantly-related species that share similar characteristics which help them live in water. This is an example of CONVERGENT evolution.