AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Galapagos finches evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking species with different kinds of beaks.

Detailed explanation-2: -Definition. Divergent evolution represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period.

Detailed explanation-3: -This process in which one species gives rise to multiple species that exploit different niches is called adaptive radiation.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Galpagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment. This kind of evolution is proven by DNA analysis and results in organisms with different ancestors becoming more alike as they adapt to similar environments.