AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The Galpagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment. This kind of evolution is proven by DNA analysis and results in organisms with different ancestors becoming more alike as they adapt to similar environments.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Galapagos finches evolved through natural selection from a common ancestor into a wide variety of different looking species with different kinds of beaks.

Detailed explanation-3: -Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species. Divergent evolution may occur as a response to changes in abiotic factors, such as a change in environmental conditions, or when a new niche becomes available.

Detailed explanation-4: -Definition. Divergent evolution represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period.

Detailed explanation-5: -Dolphins, penguins, and sharks are distantly-related species that share similar characteristics which help them live in water. This is an example of CONVERGENT evolution.