AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -There are species of lizards that burrow underground. Gophers and moles are mammals that also burrow underground. The image shows convergent evolution.

Detailed explanation-2: -That’s because the anoles are an extraordinary example of convergent evolution-where different living things independently acquire the same adaptations to the same challenges. For example, each island has an anole that lives among twigs.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convergent evolution occurs when species occupy similar ecological niches and adapt in similar ways in response to similar selective pressures. Traits that arise through convergent evolution are referred to as ‘analogous structures’. They are contrasted with ‘homologous structures’, which have a common origin.

Detailed explanation-4: -The spplitted species exhibit divergent evolution. Option D is correct answer.

Detailed explanation-5: -In allopatric speciation, organisms of an ancestral species evolve into two or more descendant species after a period of physical separation caused by a geographic barrier, such as a mountain range, rockslide, or river. Sometimes barriers, such as a lava flow, split populations by changing the landscape.