AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Whales, sharks, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water even though they belong in different classes of animals (mammals, fish, and birds). The Galpagos tortoises share a common ancestor, but have necks of different lengths to best reach the food they need in their environment.

Detailed explanation-2: -Convergent evolution is defined as the process in which unrelated organisms evolve similar body forms, colorations, and adaptations. They are not from common ancestors. For example, Flippers of penguins and dolphins have different ancestors but have similar traits, commonly known as analogous structures.

Detailed explanation-3: -Convergent evolution is when different organisms independently evolve similar traits. For example, sharks and dolphins look relatively similar despite being entirely unrelated.

Detailed explanation-4: -Whales, sharks and seals have different ancestral origin but they have evolved their limbs for the function of swimming. These limbs are called analogous organs and they point towards a convergent evolution.