AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Under divergent evolution, a common ancestral gene mutates over time to produce a diverse set of descendant genes, causing a proliferation from one protein to many.

Detailed explanation-2: -New species arise through a process called speciation. In speciation, an ancestral species splits into two or more descendant species that are genetically different from one another and can no longer interbreed. Darwin envisioned speciation as a branching event.

Detailed explanation-3: -Divergent evolution represents the evolutionary pattern in which species sharing a common ancestry become more distinct due to differential selection pressure which gradually leads to speciation over an evolutionary time period.

Detailed explanation-4: -Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species. Divergent evolution may occur as a response to changes in abiotic factors, such as a change in environmental conditions, or when a new niche becomes available.

Detailed explanation-5: -Convergent evolution is when two species with different ancestral origins develop similar characteristics, while divergent evolution refers to when two species diverge from a common ancestor and develop different characteristics.