AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Hibernation is a hypothermic condition when animals save energy during cold seasons by lowering body temperature, metabolism, breathing, and heart rate. This makes it possible for an animal to survive the winter on a fat deposit that would otherwise not last the winter.

Detailed explanation-2: -Torpor is a state of decreased physiological activity in an animal, usually marked by a reduced body temperature and metabolic rate. Torpor enables animals to survive periods of reduced food availability.

Detailed explanation-3: -Hibernation or “winter sleep” is the state of inactivity or low metabolic process animals perform during winter. Aestivation or “summer sleep”, on the other hand, is the low metabolic process by the animals during summer.

Detailed explanation-4: -The 4 stages in the torpor-arousal cycle, early arousal (EA), late arousal (LA), early torpor (ET), late torpor (LT), during hibernation in a telemetrized animal.

Detailed explanation-5: -Torpor involves physiological changes related especially to body temperature, metabolism, and water balance. Hibernation is when an organism spends the winter in a state of dormancy; it is long-term multiday torpor for survival of cold conditions. Estivation is summer dormancy, for survival of hot and dry periods.