AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most inheritable differences are due to mutations that occur during the production of gametes. Mutations do not always affect an organism’s genotype-its physical, behavioral, and biochemical characteristics.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genetic shuffling, or genetic recombination, is the creation of new combinations of traits in offspring that are different from those in the parents. In eukaryotes, this happens as a result of sexual reproduction. The two main processes that contribute to shuffling are meiosis and crossing-over.

Detailed explanation-3: -Genetic variation can be caused by mutation (which can create entirely new alleles in a population), random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis (which reshuffles alleles within an organism’s offspring).

Detailed explanation-4: -Gene shuffling is a facile method for the generation of sequence libraries containing the information from a family of related genes. Essentially, related genes are fragmented by DNase I digestion and reassembled by primerless PCR. The resulting chimeric genes can then be screened or selected for a desired function.

Detailed explanation-5: -Such reshuffling of genetic information and creation of unique combinations which increases the genetic variation in a population is caused by meiosis. Genetic variation is created in meiosis by two important mechanisms, namely independent assortment of gametes and genetic recombination via crossing over.