EVOLUTION
THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
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Question
[CLICK ON ANY CHOICE TO KNOW THE RIGHT ANSWER]
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Mitochondria and chloroplast contain DNA similar to bacterial DNA.
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Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms require oxygen in order to use energy.
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Bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts all divide by mitosis. Cells containing them divide by binary fission.
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Bacteria and mitochondria contain many features that are similar to each other but they differ from chloroplasts
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Detailed explanation-1: -The theory of how mitochondria, chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cell likely arose from a symbiosis between aerobic prokaryotes and host anaerobic eukaryotic ancestors. Developed by Lynn Margulis.
Detailed explanation-2: -The leading hypothesis, called the endosymbiotic theory, is that eukaryotes arose as a result of a fusion of Archaean cells with bacteria, where an ancient Archaean engulfed (but did not eat) an ancient, aerobic bacterial cell.
Detailed explanation-3: -Endosymbiosis is an evolutionary theory which posits that eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotic cells. The theory further articulates that the mitochondria found in today’s eukaryotes evolved from aerobic bacteria and that the chloroplasts found in today’s plant cells arose from cyanobacteria.
Detailed explanation-4: -When you look at it this way, mitochondria really resemble tiny bacteria making their livings inside eukaryotic cells! Based on decades of accumulated evidence, the scientific community supports Margulis’s ideas: endosymbiosis is the best explanation for the evolution of the eukaryotic cell.
Detailed explanation-5: -Endosymbiotic theory goes back over 100 years. It explains the similarity of chloroplasts and mitochondria to free-living prokaryotes by suggesting that the organelles arose from prokaryotes through (endo)symbiosis.