AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria and chloroplasts have striking similarities to bacteria cells. They have their own DNA, which is separate from the DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. And both organelles use their DNA to produce many proteins and enzymes required for their function.

Detailed explanation-2: -Genes within chloroplasts and mitochondria derive from subsets of endosymbiont genes whose products regulate their own gene transcription. These genes remain, along with their protein products, within a single membrane-bound compartment.

Detailed explanation-3: -They are double membraned structures which contain their own unique DNA; distinct from the DNA of the nucleus. The outer membranes of the mitochondrion and chloroplast resemble those found in eukaryotic or complex cells, while the inner membranes resemble those found in prokaryotic or primitive bacterial cells.

Detailed explanation-4: -Explanation: The Endosymbiotic Theory states that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells were once aerobic bacteria (prokaryote) that were ingested by a large anaerobic bacteria (prokaryote). The aerobic bacteria were initially free-living prokaryotes, before being ingested by anaerobic bacteria.

Detailed explanation-5: -B. Mitochondria and Plastids like Chloroplast have their own DNA and ribosomes because of which they are able to synthesize some of their own proteins and replicate independent of the nucleus.