AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms. At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host eukaryote, gradually developing into a mitochondrion.

Detailed explanation-2: -The mitochondrion and the chloroplast are both organelles that were once free-living cells. They were prokaryotes that ended up inside of other cells (host cells). They may have joined the other cell by being eaten (a process called phagocytosis), or perhaps they were parasites of that host cell.

Detailed explanation-3: -The organelles are thought to have been acquired as a result of the association of prokaryotic cells with the ancestor of eukaryotes.

Detailed explanation-4: -I. A prokaryotic cell lack nuclear membrane, chloroplasts, mitochondria, microtubules and different kinds of pili. II. In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear membrane, chloroplast, mitochondria and pili are present.

Detailed explanation-5: -The theory of how mitochondria, chloroplasts and other membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cell likely arose from a symbiosis between aerobic prokaryotes and host anaerobic eukaryotic ancestors.