AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Richter is known as the author of the first scientific paper about Panspermia (Arrhenius, 1908; Oparin, 1938; Kamminga, 1982). Entitled Zur Darwin’schen Lehre (“About Darwin’s Theory”), it was published in Schmidt’s Jahrbücher (Richter, 1865) six years after The Origin of Species was issued in London (Darwin, 1859).

Detailed explanation-2: -A largely organic composition of comets and the concept of cometary panspermia was proposed and developed by Hoyle and Wickramasinghe (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe, 1981).

Detailed explanation-3: -Richter. Hint: “Panspermia” means “seed everywhere”. Panspermia is defined as the theory in which microorganisms or biochemical compounds from space are responsible for the starting of life on Earth and potentially in several pieces of the universe where reasonable climatic conditions exist.

Detailed explanation-4: -Rich-ter (1865) firstly proposes a mechanism with meteors as the transfer vehicles for life through space and may be considered the founder of the modern theory of Panspermia (Lithopanspermia).