HEREDITY
BASICS OF PROBABILITY
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Detailed explanation-1: -A universal set is a set which contains all the elements or objects of other sets, including its own elements. It is usually denoted by the symbol ‘U’. Suppose Set A consists of all even numbers such that, A = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … and set B consists of all odd numbers, such that, B = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ….
Detailed explanation-2: -In mathematics, set A is a subset of a set B if all elements of A are also elements of B; B is then a superset of A. It is possible for A and B to be equal; if they are unequal, then A is a proper subset of B.
Detailed explanation-3: -The set of all elements in the universal set that is not in set A is called the complement of set A. If the universal set (U) is having a subset A then the complement of set A which is represented as A’, is other than the elements of set A which includes the elements of the universal set but not the elements of set A.
Detailed explanation-4: -An element of a set is usually denoted by a small letter, such as x, y, or z. A set may be described by listing all of its elements enclosed in braces. For example, if Set A consists of the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8, we may say: A = 2, 4, 6, 8.