AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Probability Theory is Nothing but Common Sense Reduced to Calculations. The theory of probabilities is at bottom nothing but common sense reduced to calculus; it enables us to appreciate with exactness that which accurate minds feel with a sort of instinct for which ofttimes they are unable to account.

Detailed explanation-2: -In probability, however, it is quite common for even an expert’s intuition to be way off. Calculations are more likely to find errors in common sense than the other way around. Nevertheless, common sense is vitally important in statistics. Attempts to minimize the need for common sense can lead to nonsense.

Detailed explanation-3: -As a consequence, probabilistic theories cannot be true or false, except in their non-probabilistic parts. They can still be more or less simple, more or less unified, and more or less close to the truth, as measured by the difference between the (uninterpreted) probabilities and the actual events in the world.

Detailed explanation-4: -probability theory, a branch of mathematics concerned with the analysis of random phenomena. The outcome of a random event cannot be determined before it occurs, but it may be any one of several possible outcomes. The actual outcome is considered to be determined by chance.

Detailed explanation-5: -Formal probability theory is a fundamental tool used by researchers, health-care providers, insurance companies, stockbrokers and many others to make decisions in contexts of uncertainty. Probability provides information about the likelihood that something will happen.