AP BIOLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -When roan cattle are crossed, 25% of the offspring produced will have white coats, 50% will have roan coats, and 25% will have red coats.

Detailed explanation-2: -A cross between a roan bull and roan cow produces red, roan and white phenotypes in 1:2:1 ratio respectively.

Detailed explanation-3: -In cattle, roan coat color (mixed red and white hairs) occurs in the heterozygous (Rr) offspring of red (RR) and white (rr) homozygotes. When two roan cattle are crossed, the phenotypes of the progeny are found to be in the ratio of 1 red:2 roan:1 white.

Detailed explanation-4: -The roan coat color in livestock species is characterized by a mixture of white and colored hair in cattle, pig, sheep, goat, alpaca, and horse. So far, the genetic background of this phenotype is not fully understood, but KIT and its ligand KITLG (MGF) are major candidate genes in livestock species.